Hexane (C6H14)
Description:
Hexane is a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, volatile liquid with a mild gasoline-like odour. Hexane is highly flammable and is widely used as a non-polar solvent in industrial and laboratory settings.
Physical properties:
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Molecular formula: C6H14
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Molar mass: 86.18 g/mol
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Boiling point: 68–70°C
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Melting point: –95°C
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Density: ~0.66 g/mL at 20°C
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Solubility: Insoluble in water, miscible with most organic solvents
Uses:
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Industrial solvent in adhesives, rubber, and printing inks.
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Extraction of edible oils (e.g., soybean, canola) in the food industry.
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Laboratory solvent for reactions, extractions, and chromatography.
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Cleaning and degreasing agent for textiles, leather, and machinery.
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Formulation of glues and coatings.
Hazards
Hazards:
1. Flammability:
2. Health hazards:
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Inhalation: Can cause dizziness, headache, nausea, respiratory irritation, and central nervous system (CNS) depression. Prolonged or repeated inhalation may cause peripheral nerve damage (neurotoxicity).
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Skin contact: Causes dryness, irritation, and dermatitis on prolonged exposure.
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Eye contact: May cause redness and irritation.
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Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed; aspiration into lungs can cause chemical pneumonia.
3. Chronic hazards:
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Long-term exposure is associated with neurological damage (e.g., numbness, muscle weakness, fatigue).
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Prolonged inhalation may also affect the liver and kidneys.
4. Environmental hazards:
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Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
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Volatile organic compound (VOC), contributing to air pollution.
Precautionary measures:
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Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces.
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Ensure good ventilation or use fume extraction.
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Wear protective gloves, goggles, and clothing.
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Do not breathe vapors; avoid skin and eye contact.
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Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, well-ventilated place.
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Prevent release into the environment.
Hazard codes / labels:
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H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
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H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
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H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
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H373: May cause damage to organs (nervous system) through prolonged or repeated exposure
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H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
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