Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Description:
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH₃)₂SO. It is a clear, colourless, hygroscopic liquid with a faint sulphur-like odour. DMSO is a highly polar aprotic solvent, miscible with water and most organic solvents. Its unique property is its ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds, making it widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
DMSO is also known for its ability to rapidly penetrate the skin and other biological membranes, which has led to specialized medical and veterinary uses.
Key Properties:
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Molecular Formula: C₂H₆OS
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Molecular Weight: 78.13 g/mol
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Boiling Point: ~189 °C
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Melting Point: ~18 °C (crystallizes near room temperature)
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Highly polar and aprotic
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Excellent solvent power
Applications:
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As a universal solvent in laboratory and industrial processes
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In pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery research
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Cryopreservation of cells and tissues
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Polymer and resin processing
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Paint stripping and cleaning formulations
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Veterinary medicine (as an anti-inflammatory agent and penetration enhancer)
Uses of DMSO
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Solvent in laboratories and industry: Excellent for dissolving both polar and nonpolar compounds, making it a versatile medium for chemical reactions and extractions.
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Cryopreservation: Widely used to protect biological cells, tissues, and embryos during freezing by preventing ice crystal formation.
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Pharmaceutical research: Acts as a carrier/penetration enhancer for experimental drug delivery systems.
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Veterinary medicine: Applied topically as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent for horses and other animals (regulated use).
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Polymer and resin processing: Used in the production, cleaning, and modification of polymers, resins, and coatings.
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Electronics industry: Serves as a cleaning and processing solvent for electronic components.
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Paint stripping and cleaning formulations: Included in some industrial cleaning agents due to its strong solvency.
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